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Styrene is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C₆H₅CH=CH₂, primarily used as a key building block in the production of plastics and synthetic rubber. It is a colorless, oily liquid with a sweet, pungent odor and is highly volatile. Styrene is mainly derived from petroleum and is widely used to manufacture polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and unsaturated polyester resins. These derivatives are essential in industries such as packaging, construction, automotive, electronics, and consumer goods due to their durability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness.

While styrene plays a significant role in modern manufacturing, it also poses health and environmental concerns. It is classified as a possible human carcinogen by agencies such as the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Exposure to styrene, especially in occupational settings, can lead to health issues like respiratory irritation, headaches, and fatigue. From an environmental perspective, styrene can contribute to air and water pollution if not handled properly. Consequently, industries are increasingly exploring safer handling measures, recycling strategies, and bio-based alternatives to minimize its environmental and health impact.

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